Following HIPC Completion Point, Somalia’s external debt has fallen from 64 percent of GDP in 2018 to less than 6 percent of GDP by end 2023. This debt relief will facilitate access to critical additional financial resources that will help Somalia strengthen its economy, reduce poverty, and promote job creation.
Debt service relief has been provided by the IMF (US$343.2 million), IDA (US$448.5 million), African Development Fund (ADF) (US$131.0 million), other multilateral creditors (US$573.1 million), as well as by bilateral and commercial creditors (US$3.0 billion). Bilateral creditors include members of the Paris Club, creditors from the Arab Coordination Group, and other official bilateral creditors.
The Executive Directors of both institutions determined that Somalia has made satisfactory progress in meeting the requirements to reach the HIPC Completion Point. Somalia has implemented a poverty reduction strategy for at least one year and maintained a track record of sound macroeconomic management as evidenced by the satisfactory implementation of the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) supported program. This performance was achieved despite Somalia having to face the global Covid-19 pandemic, prolonged and severe drought, a desert locust infestation, the impact of external shocks on food supply and prices, and significant security risks. Somalia maintained steadfast progress on structural reforms and implemented thirteen of fourteen floating Completion Point triggers, including on public financial and expenditure management, domestic revenue mobilization, governance, social sectors, and statistics. The IMF Executive Board granted a waiver for the adoption and implementation of a single import duty tariff schedule at all ports.
The Somali authorities remain firmly committed to sustaining the reform momentum post-HIPC to build resilience, promote inclusive growth, and reduce poverty. The World Bank and IMF will continue working together to provide the technical assistance and policy guidance the authorities need to achieve these goals. The IMF will continue its engagement with Somalia in the context of the new three-year IMF financial arrangement as well as capacity development support sponsored by the Somalia Country Fund. The World Bank has agreed on a new five-year Country Partnership Framework with Somalia focused on continuing support to state and institution building, infrastructure and jobs, human capital, and resilience. The current World Bank portfolio in Somalia stands at US$2.3 billion spanning human capital development, access to energy, and action against cyclical climatic shocks such as floods and drought.
Debt service savings of US$4.5 billion incorporate debt relief of about US$4.2 billion under the Enhanced HIPC Initiative, US$115.1 million under the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (US$96.4 million from IDA and US$18.7 million from ADF), US$164.3 million under beyond-HIPC debt relief from the IMF, and commitments from Paris Club creditors to provide beyond-HIPC debt relief to cancel most of their outstanding claims.
The Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative
In 1996, the World Bank and IMF launched the HIPC Initiative to create a framework in which all creditors, including multilateral creditors, can provide debt relief to the world's poorest and most heavily indebted countries to ensure debt sustainability, and thereby reduce the constraints on economic growth and poverty reduction imposed by the unsustainable debt service burdens in these countries. Somalia is the 37th country to reach Completion Point under the HIPC Initiative.
The Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI)
Created in 2005, the aim of the MDRI is to further reduce the debt of eligible low-income countries and provide additional resources to help them reach their development objectives. Under the MDRI, three multilateral institutions—the World Bank’s IDA, the IMF, and the African Development Fund—provide 100 percent debt relief on eligible debts to qualifying countries, at the time they reach the HIPC Initiative Completion Point.